Contains 16 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Classification
Citation
TRIFOLIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 764. 1753.
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TYPE: Trifolium pratense Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 2: 353. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trifolium arvense | RABBITFOOT CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium campestre | FIELD CLOVER; HOP CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium carolinianum | CAROLINA CLOVER | Native | |
| Trifolium dubium | LOW HOP CLOVER; SUCKLING CLOVER | Not Native FACU (NWPL) | |
| Trifolium hirtum | ROSE CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium hybridum | ALSIKE CLOVER | Not Native FACU (NWPL) | |
| Trifolium incarnatum | CRIMSON CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium lappaceum | BURDOCK CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium nigrescens | SMALL WHITE CLOVER; BALL CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium pratense | RED CLOVER | Not Native FACU (NWPL) | |
| Trifolium reflexum | BUFFALO CLOVER | Native | |
| Trifolium repens | WHITE CLOVER; DUTCH CLOVER | Not Native FACU (NWPL) | |
| Trifolium resupinatum | PERSIAN CLOVER; REVERSED CLOVER | Not Native FACU (NWPL) | |
| Trifolium spumosum | MEDITERRANEAN CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium tomentosum | WOOLLY CLOVER | Not Native | |
| Trifolium vesiculosum | ARROWLEAF CLOVER | Not Native |
[Family identification key]
1. Corolla bright yellow
2
1. Corolla white, pink, to red
3
2. Corolla 3.5-6 mm long, the upper petal striate, flat or nearly so; inflorescence 8-13 mm wide, mostly with 20-40 flowers
2. Corolla 2.5-4 mm long, the upper petal scarcely striate or not at all, longitudinally folded; inflorescence 5-8 mm wide, mostly with 3-15 flowers
3. Pedicels 1-10 mm long
4
3. Pedicels 0-1 mm long
8
4. Plant stoloniferous; peduncles arising from the stolon
4. Plant not stoloniferous; peduncles arising from aboveground nodes of the stem
5
5. Stipules lanceolate, subequal to the stem width, scarious, sometimes green only in the upper half; calyx glabrate (except for tufts at the base)
6
5. Stipules ovate, often wider than the stem, most of the blade green when young, sometimes scarious at the base; calyx pilose (sometimes sparsely so)
7
6. Leaflets 1-4 cm long; calyx lobes not scarious-margined
6. Leaflets 0.6-2.5 cm long; calyx lobes scarious-margined
7. Calyx lobes lanceolate, foliaceous, 3-veined; inflorescence 1-1.5 cm wide; corolla 4-7 mm long
7. Calyx lobes subulate, setaceous, 1-veined; inflorescence 2-4 cm wide; corolla 8-12 mm long
8. Inflorescence subsessile and involucrate, subtended by 2 broad stipules and 1-2 leaves
9
8. Inflorescence pedunculate (occasionally subsessile, the peduncle mostly >2 mm long), without stipules and leaves directly under the head
10
9. Stipules with an acuminate tip; calyx subappressed pubescent, the tube 20-nerved
9. Stipules with a filamentous, awned tip; calyx sparsely pilose, the tube 10-nerved
10. Calyx bladder-like, becoming inflated in fruit
11
10. Calyx not bladder-like, becoming inflated in fruit
13
11. Calyx tube 4-6 mm long; corolla not resupinate; fruit with 4-6 mm long, (1-)3-4 seeds
11. Calyx tube 1-2 mm long; corolla resupinate; fruit 1.5-2 mm long, with 1 seed
12
12. Peduncle 6-30 mm long; calyx tomentose to glabrate, the apical teeth prolonged and conspicuous, especially in fruit
12. Peduncle to 15 mm long, often much shorter; calyx woolly, the apical teeth short and usually concealed
13. Corolla 3-8 mm long, subequal to shorter than the calyx
14
13. Corolla 9-18 mm long, subequal to longer than the calyx
15
14. Leaflets mostly oblong to narrowly obovate, <3 mm wide; inflorescence head elongate, cylindric; calyx tube pubescent, 10-nerved, the lobes 1-nerved
14. Leaflets mostly obovate, >3 mm wide; inflorescence head globose; calyx tube glabrous, 20-nerved, the lobes with 2 or more nerves
15. Inflorescence 1-2 cm wide, without floral bracts; calyx pilose, 10-nerved, not cross-reticulate; corolla red (rarely white)
15. Inflorescence 2.5-3 cm wide, with floral bracts; calyx glabrate to sparsely pilose at the tip, 20-nerved, cross-reticulate; corolla white